11. Чтение: понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте: все задания

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Being eco-friendly
These days, pollution, global warming, and limited resources are a big concern. Many people feel hopeless, as though nothing they do will have any effect on a problem that has grown so large. However, there are lots of things A __________ on their negative impact on the environment. Although some of these things are big things involving home construction or the choice of a motor vehicle, most of them are small things. They can make a huge difference B __________.
The best way to appreciate the environment is to be more aware of it. Instead of sitting indoors, it is always better to get up and get outside, whether that means walking, biking, kayaking, or some other fun outdoor activity.
Today, there is no reason not to use energy-efficient lights at home. New energy-efficient bulb technology means C __________ and with many functions in order to save electricity and money. New energy-efficient appliances are also everywhere. There are dishwashers and washing machines that use less water, D __________. These appliances save energy without sacrificing function.
Paper and plastic bags are often free of charge when people shop, E __________ the environment. Scientists have found that sea turtles often encounter plastic bags in ocean waters and eat them, mistaking them for jellyfish. So, it is wise to refuse paper or plastic F __________ instead.

1. and make an investment in reusable bags
2. that people can do every day to cut down
3. if one remembers to do them every day
4. but they are killing animals and destroying
5. but eco-friendly bulbs are very popular
6. that one can find bulbs of different colours
7. and there are fridges that use less electricity

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Time to help our planet
The Earth is a huge and fascinating place. There are many interesting things to learn about all the strangest, most intriguing and remote places on the globe. Amongst some of the most important things to learn about the world is how we, as a species, are affecting other animals and plants all over the globe.
We throw away tons of rubbish every year, A __________. By using less energy, less water and being more careful about the way B __________ like batteries and motor oil, we could start to save the planet. Here are just a few of the most striking facts and figures about the Earth and how we are slowly destroying it, C __________ by doing our best for the environment.
Every year we lose 50 million acres of rainforest – D __________, Wales and Scotland all together. This means the deaths of many different animals and plants, and even the extinction of hundreds if not thousands of species, E __________ yet. Household waste is another serious problem. For example, just one supermarket can throw away over 60 million paper bags each year. Many of these will end up in the world’s oceans.
However, we can change the situation. If we were F __________, we could save an average of 250 million trees every year. Recycling just one aluminium can saves enough energy to run a television for three hours. And if we recycle just one glass bottle, we save enough energy to light a normal light bulb for around four hours.

1. to start recycling all newspapers
2. which could be easily recycled
3. that we dispose of certain things
4. to save the environment of England
5. that is an area the size of England
6. and how we can make a difference 
7. some of which we haven’t discovered

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Obento: Art in a Lunch Box
Japanese kids eat a good-looking lunch. It is called obento (oh-BEN-toe) A __________. Bento boxes are small containers made out of plastic, wood, or metal and decorated with cartoon characters, animals, or flowers. They have matching chopsticks or silverware containers, bags, cups, and lunch mats.
Inside the bento box, the obento is just as colourful. Many Japanese people believe B __________. There is a Japanese saying: Food should be made C __________. Japanese parents often choose foods with different colours, textures, shapes, and tastes. Then they arrange the food in the bento boxes. They make the obento look nice but also make sure it’s healthy.
What do kids eat as their obento? Rice and side dishes D __________, omelettes made with salt and sugar, small sausages, fish, or meat.
Obento time is special. First, children wash their hands with soap E __________. Then they get their obento from their bags. In the winter, the sensei (teacher) may take their obento out of a warmer for them. Kids put their obento, chopsticks, and cups on their lunch mats F __________. Before eating, they sing a fun song about obento: “We are so happy because it’s obento time. Our hands are washed and clean. Everybody is here now. So, let’s say, “Thank you for the food, Mommy and Daddy.”

1. so that you could eat it with your eyes
2. as they carry it to school in a bento box
3. and their mouth and throat with mouthwash
4. that all food should taste good and look pretty
5. which are arranged over their classroom tables
6. which includes food that is red, yellow, and brown
7. which include pickled, boiled, or steamed vegetables

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Plastic pollution
Almost every day, people litter the earth with plastic without knowing the harm it can cause to humans and other creatures. Moreover, people do not know A __________ into the world’s oceans.
The amount of waste and plastic junk in the oceans has been increasing at an alarming rate for the last ten years. Studies show B __________ of plastic waste. At this rate, it is expected that by 2050, plastic will outweigh the number of fish in the sea.
Charles J. Moore was the first person to accidentally discover the “Garbage Patch” in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. More than 90% of the junk in this ocean area is plastic. Plastic takes a long time to break down, C __________ of flora and fauna of the oceans. Unfortunately, this pollution is mostly caused by human activities. Plastic does not completely disappear. Most of ocean pollution starts on land D __________ into the sea. Once it is in the sea, plastic waste continuously piles up.
When plastic objects end up in the oceans, they are a great hazard to marine life. They do not only affect the small fish, E __________. Most marine species, like zooplankton and whales, all eat microplastics. Sea turtles, for example, consume plastic, since they mistake garbage for food. The statistics are alarming, more so when they imply F __________ caused by this type of ocean pollution.

1. making a huge contribution to the destruction
2. that a lot of plastic waste somehow finds its way
3. but also harm huge mammals in many ways
4. that over 40% of global oceanic surfaces are full
5. and is easily transported by either wind or rain
6. but also increases water pollution in the world
7. that a number of marine species face extinction

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Global warming
Global warming is a hot topic these days. The debate over global warming has been going on all around the world. While few people consider it as the biggest challenge of all times, others think of it as a climate shift A __________ has continued since then. Understanding global warming and its impact is important to meet the challenges posed by it.
The actual warming of temperature is something scientists say they can document, B __________ the change and effect of atmospheric gases on the Earth’s environment. The sea level is rising in a lot of areas of the world. This is partially attributed to the melting of ice caps and glaciers, C __________ contained within the sea. In the past decade, the global sea level rise has doubled compared to the 20th-century one.
The rise in the number of vehicles D __________ getting trapped in the atmosphere. The increased heat in the atmosphere from greenhouse gas emissions has been absorbed by the oceans. There are over 50 years of documented temperature records for the oceans E __________ since 1969.
Glaciers are so sensitive to temperature changes F __________ global warming. The glaciers on several mountain ranges, particularly in Greenland and Antarctica, are decreasing in size due to the lack of gases to maintain the region’s climate. This is the case almost everywhere around the world.

1. but more to the great changes in the gases 
2. that started around the early 1990s and
3. and cars polluting the Earth’s atmosphere
4. but the primary evidence is connected with
5. that they provide clues about the effects of
6. that have proved a steady rise in temperature
7. and industries has resulted in greenhouse gases

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The roof of the world
Did you know that Tibet is called the “roof of the world?” Tibet is a small country surrounded on all sides by gigantic snowy mountain peaks. For thousands of years, these towering mountains acted like a fence, A __________. That’s one reason why explorers and writers have called Tibet the roof of the world. It’s hard to get to. The other reason is Tibet’s high elevation. When people climb mountain passes over 17,000 feet above sea level, they gasp for air B __________!
Years ago, the people of Tibet were nomads, C __________. The ground in Tibet is much too rocky and thin to grow crops, so Tibetans centred their daily life and survival on the large ox, the yak. The yaks provided the nomads with nearly everything they needed – D __________. Even yak dung was used for fires.
Tibetan nomads would lead their herds of yaks and sheep across pastures, valleys, and mountainsides in search of the best grazing lands. They did not live in permanent homes made of wood, brick, or stone. When nomads arrived at their destination, they were so skilled at setting up their large yak-hair tents that they had them up in minutes. They could even compete to see E __________, a fire going, and hot tea poured.
Times are changing in Tibet, and more and more people live and work in villages and cities. But there are still nomads F __________.

1. which means people without permanent homes
2. who would be the first one to have their tent up
3. as they may need 30 yaks to carry their supplies
4. milk, butter, meat, and wool for clothes and ropes
5. as they are more than three miles high above the sea
6. keeping people from entering or leaving the country
7. that survive in the mountains just as their ancestors did

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The Super Soaker story
Super Soakers are a familiar part of summer fun, but did you know the toy was inspired by a part meant for a refrigerator? It’s true! An accident sparked its creation, but its success took years of hard work.
Lonnie Johnson, A __________, has always been interested in how things work. As a kid, he took his toys apart and put them back together, B __________.
In 1982, Johnson’s day job was working on spacecraft in California. In the evening, he worked on his own inventions. One of his projects was a refrigerator that cooled with water C __________. One evening, he hooked a part he’d made to a bathroom sink so he could test it. It sprayed a strong stream of water across the sink! It made Johnson think D __________.
He made the plastic parts for his water blaster in his basement, put it together, and asked his seven-year-old daughter to test it. As he watched her water fight with the other kids, he realised she was able to drench them E __________.
Johnson wanted to make and sell the water blaster himself, F __________. He didn’t have that much extra money, so he decided to find a toy company as a partner. He tried and failed for the next 7 years. Since then, the Super Soaker became one of the best-selling toys of all time and has brought a lot of fun to kids everywhere.

1. but it would cost 200,000 to make 1,000 of them
2. the man behind the invention of the Super Soaker
3. before her friends even got close with their squirt guns
4. that a high-powered water blaster might be a lot of fun
5. which led his friends to nickname Lonnie “The Professor”
6. called the Power Blaster, came out in 1990 and ever since
7. instead of the environmentally harmful chemical used then

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Reusable bags
Using fewer resources and producing less waste are issues not only for big corporations and factories to worry about. Each of us can make a big difference in how we impact the environment. People can continue to consume excessively and create billions of pounds of waste each year, A __________ a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle.
Plastic bags do not easily decompose, and they contribute to the pollution of nature. A plastic bag can take from 15 to 1,000 years to break down, depending on the environment. Moreover, the cost of recycling plastic bags outweighs their value. This is another reason B __________ to landfill sites. This results in huge piles of garbage C __________, releasing bad smells throughout the day and serving as a distraction for tourists.
It is high time for us to use alternative sources, so as to reduce the impact of plastic bags on the environment. One such change is to get rid of plastic bags and use reusable bags.
There are many reasons D __________, and it is necessary to switch to reusable bags. A lot of oil and natural gas go into the production of plastic bags, which are not recyclable. Choosing reusable bags saves on these natural resources and protects the environment. Besides, the nature around us is polluted by plastic bags E __________ or get into animals’ homes. Sometimes animals try to eat these bags, thinking they are part of nature, F __________.

1. because they often fly away into trees
2. because they want to protect nature
3. that can be easily seen across the city
4. or they can make changes to adopt
5. why plastic bags are not ideal at all
6. why most plastic bags find their way
7. which may simply lead to their death

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Antarctica tourism
Antarctica does not have any permanent residents, just short-term visitors. There are two groups who can have an impact: tourists and those A __________.
While tourists may only spend a relatively short time on landings, usually just a few hours, it is a high-impact time compared to scientists or support workers B __________ base. Tourists also by their nature will want to visit the most picturesque and wildlife-rich areas of Antarctica.
Areas that are easily accessible by small boats C __________ are relatively rare in Antarctica. So despite its enormous size, tourists become concentrated in a few areas D __________. Even a smaller tour ship carries far more people than the entire staff of most Antarctic bases.
One aspect of Antarctic tourism that restricts visitor numbers is the limited tourist season. This limitation is placed by the weather, E __________. The limited tourist season, however, coincides with the breeding season for most Antarctic wildlife, with the potential for disturbance.
Tourism in Antarctica is at present self-regulated by the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators. It was founded in 1991. Now it has over 100 members. This is an organization F __________ operators. Such guidelines limit the size of the ships that can cruise the Antarctic waters, and also how many people can be landed at sites.

1. where most of the landings take place
2. who go as part of scientific programmes
3. who spend most of their time on a polar
4. where short periods of quite warm weather
5. that take tourists from their ship to shore
6. that sets strict guidelines for its member tour
7. and in particular by the movements of sea ice

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Hemingway in Cuba
History and Cuba go hand in hand. About 16 kilometres east of Havana, Cuba’s capital, lies the small town of San Francisco de Paula, A __________ located. It was the part-time residence of Ernest Hemingway for 20 years. He lived there between 1939 and 1959, B __________ during that period.
Upon Hemingway’s death, Finca La Vigia was turned into a museum – the museum of Ernest Hemingway. The house remains as Hemingway left it, with more than 8,000 books on display, as well as artwork, hunting trophies, the author’s typewriter, and other personal belongings. Visitors are not allowed inside, but it is possible to peek in through the windows, C __________ during rainy weather. One can also wander through the garden to see Hemingway’s fishing boat, Pilar, D __________. The garden is also home to a pet cemetery, the final resting place for some of his beloved cats.
Hemingway fans should also visit the small fishing village of Cojimar, about 20 minutes east of Havana by taxi. During the 1950s, Hemingway visited Cojimar often E __________, The Old Man and the Sea. He also kept his fishing boat, Pilar, there, and could often be seen socialising with locals in the streets of the village.
These days, tourists come to the village to visit the square named in his honour F __________. Perhaps inspired by Hemingway’s legacy, many artists from Havana and other parts of Cuba are drawn there.

1. unless the house is closed up
2. despite all the troubles in Cuba
3. and made it the setting for his novel
4. which he had kept in the local village
5. where Hemingway was brought up
6. where the estate of Finca La Vigia is
7. and see the statue of the famous writer

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The Russian taiga
The Russian taiga is a unique ecoregion between the frozen tundra in the north, and the more temperate mixed forests in the south. It is also known as the needle-leaf forest or the boreal forest. It is essentially a type of forest A __________, and larches grow.
Parts of Alaska and Canada are covered in the taiga too, B __________ that one can’t find anywhere else. Temperatures can reach as low as -20°C, C __________ of -50°C during the coldest months. In the north of the country, the taiga experiences the midnight sun in summer and the polar night in winter.
The heart of the taiga is north of Irkutsk city, D __________ await tourists.
Vodlozersky National Park falls within the Russian taiga as well. It covers over 4,000 square kilometres. The national park is situated in the Republic of Karelia and the Archangelsk Region. It was first established in 1991 to protect the taiga areas of northern Russia, E __________ of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The park became the first protected object of such level in the European North of Russia. Today, it is a popular destination for whitewater rafting and birdwatching. The park can only be reached via a countryside road from the town of Pudozh. Once at the park, one’s only connection with civilisation is the village of Kuganavolok, F __________.

1. which has only 500 permanent residents
2. and since 2001, the park has had the status
3. but the Russian taiga brings a level of beauty
4. where only coniferous trees like pines, spruces
5. which attract hundreds of tourists every year
6. though the Siberian taiga can easily see nights
7. where dogsledding, snowshoeing, the northern lights

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Magical transformation of bread
You may eat your sandwich without even thinking about what’s holding it together. But without bread, you won’t have a sandwich. To people from all around the world, bread is an important, familiar food, but it is also an amazing transformer. To turn A __________, your loaf had to go through an extraordinary series of changes.
You only need four ingredients to make bread: water, flour, salt, and yeast. Yeast is a type of microbe, B __________. Flour, C __________, is dry and powdery. When you add water, the flour absorbs the liquid. If you continue mixing, you’ll get a big lumpy blob. As you knead it – D __________ – the blob soon becomes smooth and turns into dough.
After kneading your dough, you must let it rest. It’s time for the yeast to do its job. These tiny creatures eat the sugar in the flour. As they eat, they produce carbon dioxide which forms air bubbles E __________. Bread also needs salt to strengthen dough and make your bread taste good. Now, it’s time to bake.
Even after it comes out of the oven, a loaf of bread keeps changing. As soon as it starts to cool, it starts getting stale. To make hard bread more appealing, it’s best to put it in the oven. The bread becomes softer again. Over time, though, the bread loses flavour and aromas. So, F __________ not be as tasty as it once was. Still, it’s probably good enough for another sandwich.

1. even if you can soften it again, it may
2. press it, stretch it, roll it, and flatten it
3. into those soft, delicious slices of bread
4. inside bread and makes it light and fluffy
5. a living organism which is too small to see
6. you put in an oven and a loaf of bread comes
7. which comes from ground-up grains of wheat

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Beauty of the Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands are some of the most naturally beautiful locations in the Caribbean. The Cayman Islands are three islands made up of Grand Cayman, Little Cayman, and Cayman Brac.
The ocean at sunrise and sunset is the most popular scene with photographers on the Cayman Islands. But these islands are committed to conservation A __________, both above and below the water’s surface. There are many protected coral reefs around these tropical islands to explore and enjoy. Some reefs have small holes and cave-like structures B __________, like silverside fish that hide in the shadows. In addition to the coral reefs around the islands, the shipwrecks in the nearby waters deserve special attention. The Kittiwake shipwreck is the most unusual one C __________, about 76 m long and attracts many tropical fish.
The colourful and colonial architecture of George Town on Grand Cayman is interesting as well. The small duty-free shops and waterfront restaurants along the harbour showcase the life in the village, D __________ on the other side of the island.
The Cayman Crystal Caves provide a glimpse into the amazing life on the islands millions of years ago. Water erosion E __________ of the islands resulted in spectacular crystal formations. There are three wonderful caves to visit, each with delicate stalactite and stalagmite formations, F __________.

1. because it covers a very large area
2. because there is rare beauty to keep
3. which were created one drop at a time
4. that serve as protection for sea life
5. and other attractions of the Cayman Islands
6. which is a contrast to the natural scenery
7. and environmental changes to the landscape

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Unique country
The world first discovered China through the writings of adventurer Marco Polo more than 700 years ago. Ever since, this large Asian country has come to be regarded as the embodiment of everything that is mysterious and exotic. Even now, A__________, this vast country has lost none of its attraction. Indeed, the contrast between China’s ancient customs and the new ultra-modern state has only increased the fascination with its culture B__________.
It is a culture that is much celebrated by the Chinese themselves, as evidenced by the preservation of such important historic sites as the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace in Beijing, C__________. And then, there is the famous Great Wall of China, D__________ from the Yellow Sea to Central Asia. Its countless shrines demonstrate the spirit of age-old Eastern religions. The cities of the Middle Kingdom, E__________ of over a million, and the coastal provinces, are today enjoying a soaring economic boom.
Thanks to its size, China is a great tourist destination. It offers limitless scope for exploration. Whether people choose to travel aboard a luxury cruise ship, F__________, this country is full of incredible experiences and sightseeing opportunities. China has something for every taste and all the essential ingredients for an unforgettable holiday in a beautiful country.

1. after many decades of economic growth
2. more than 50 of which have populations
3. that dates back more than 5000 years
4. winding for 6,700 kilometres all the way
5. each recalling the days of China’s emperors
6. or during the latest years of economic boom
7. or seek out the peace of an ancient temple

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Tourism in Kamchatka
The range of tourist activities in Kamchatka is really wide. The most wide-spread type of tourism is ecotourism, A__________ and resources of Kamchatka. Fishing, medicinal, cultural and ethnographical tourism are popular as well. Kamchatka offers almost unlimited possibilities for those B__________, and gives the chance to climb not only mountains, but volcanoes as well.
Moreover, many rivers in Kamchatka are good for rafting. In winter one should be prepared for heli-skiing and skiing. In summer trekking, diving, photo safari and bird watching are at one’s service. Besides, this region has a good recreational potential, C__________ take some rest and improve health, thanks to the presence of almost every kind of mineral curative water. Visitors should not forget to try famous Kamchatka dishes, D__________ and other seafood, for example of salmon, which Kamchatka is really famous for.
Many tourist camps were built in Kamchatka in the past few years. Tourist infrastructure is getting better and better nowadays. As for natural wonders, tourists should not miss the famous rock “three brothers” protecting the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The city is located on the bank of the bay, E__________ bays in the world. There is only one way to get there by plane from the European part of Russia – from Moscow. The ticket price is quite high, F__________ as possible.

1. who are fond of extreme tourism
2. and tourists may just go there to
3. which are often made of local fish
4. who wants to enjoy the nature as long
5. so one should plan for the journey as early
6. and it is clearly explained by the unique nature
7. which is considered to be one of the most beautiful

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Mir Space Station Dining Table
When living in a cramped space with two or more people for months, you’d think that there would be no need for a special shared zone. But on Russia’s Mir space station, a high-tech dining table is A__________ and discuss aeronautical projects.
The Mir station orbited Earth from 1986 to 2001, straight through the end of the Soviet Union. The station was B__________ habitation. Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov still holds the record for the longest continuous space stay.
The multicoloured dining table was C__________. It came with slots where cosmonauts could heat up tins and tubes of food like liver stroganoff and chicken in white sauce. A built-in vacuum cleaner would suck up any stray crumbs, D__________ could be damaged by dust. The table could also distribute hot and cold water for rehydrating food.
The Mir station was E__________ expected. The table was important as a surface for food prep and work. However, it was also a place where international astronauts could connect and collaborate while breaking bread. The dining table was brought back to Earth to the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics F__________.

1. located in the station’s core module
2. in Moscow, where it can be seen today
3. a place where the crew gather for meals
4. the first experiment with long-term space
5. a vital feature when important equipment
6. appeared at the London Science Museum as
7. in service for 15 years, three times longer than

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Santa Claus
The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A____________________ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B____________________. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C____________________ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.
St. Nicholas first D____________________ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.
In the 19th centuries big stores E____________________ using images of the newly-popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-size Santa Claus model. It F____________________ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the “real-life” Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

1. was only a matter of time
2. stretches all the way back to
3. is celebrated on the anniversary of
4. became the subject of many legends
5. appeared in American popular culture
6. began dressing up unemployed men in
7. began to advertise Christmas shopping

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City of fountains
Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.
The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great. After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew immensely in scope.
According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here, E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage of UNESCO.

1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured
2. which is a former royal countryside residence
3. who designs many royal residences in Europe
4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century
5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls
6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland
7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle

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Do jellyfish sleep?
Worms and fish do it. Birds and bees do it. But do jellyfish fall asleep?
It was after midnight A__________ where the jellyfish were kept. They left the lights off and walked through the room by the glow of their cellphones. The students did not tell anyone that they were doing this. The secret they were keeping was a “totally crazy” experiment aimed at finding out whether jellyfish sleep.
A few weeks before, B__________ whether jellyfish needed to sleep. “Of course not,” said one of them. “Sleep helps C__________. Jellyfish are so simple they don’t even have brains. How could they possibly share the need to sleep?” The others weren’t so sure, but they wanted to find out.
The three students designed an experiment to test different behaviors and see if the jellyfish were asleep. They watched the animals to see how they moved, and D__________ when they were resting. It turned out that the jellyfish moved about 30 percent less at night. It was also harder to get their attention.
Months of late-night studying led to amazing results. Young scientists reported E__________ sleeplike behavior. This made it the first animal without a brain known to do so. The results suggest F__________ life, as the jellyfish group of animals first arose about 700 million years ago, and has stuck with us ever since.

1. if they could get the jellies’ attention
2. how talkative they were in a situation close to
3. when three science students crept into the lab
4. that sleep evolved early in the history of animal
5. strengthen memory and keep the brain healthy
6. that the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea showed
7. the students were having coffee and started debating

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Willis Tower today
Willis Tower is the heart of downtown Chicago and the future of work and play. The 110-story building is one of the tallest buildings in the world and the second tallest building in North America, making it impossible to miss A__________. The magnitude of this magnificent steel frame skyscraper can seem impossible to understand.
Willis Tower is now owned by Blackstone and managed by EQ Office. It is home to more than 100 businesses including law firms, insurance, transportation, financial companies and more. Radio and television stations are broadcast from Willis Tower’s rooftop. 15,000 people work at the Tower each day, B__________. And 12 million people pass by and through the Tower each year.
It is not surprising C__________. The Tower is not only an innovator in promoting green practices among its tenants, but also stands D__________ in increasing energy and water efficiency and reducing waste. Over the past 20 years, the Tower has reduced annual electricity consumption by 34% by E__________ and adopting special conservation practices. The building saves 10 million gallons of water each year by relying on reduced water-flow fixtures. These innovations are encouraging those in charge of the building to look into certification for energy efficiency and explore renewable energy resources, such F__________ covered with vegetation.

1. when appreciating the big city’s skyline
2. that the true color of Willis Tower is green
3. as solar and wind power and “green roofs”
4. as a leader among American skyscrapers
5. using new lighting systems and controls
6. that was designed and built many years ago
7. not counting thousands of the building’s visitors