Покупки: грамматика

<div class="test"><pre><textarea>{"questions":[{"content":"1) I have [[fill_choice-1]] friends in this city, so I often feel lonely.<br />2) There is [[fill_choice-5]] milk left, so we can make pancakes.<br />3) We have [[fill_choice-17]] time; we should hurry.<br />4) She knows [[fill_choice-36]] English words, so she can read simple texts.","widgets":{"fill_choice-1":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["a few","few","a little","little"],"answer":1},"fill_choice-5":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["a few","few","a little","little"],"answer":2},"fill_choice-17":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["a few","few","a little","little"],"answer":3},"fill_choice-36":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["a few","few","a little","little"],"answer":0}},"id":"0"},{"content":"1) I speak [[fill_choice-105]] French, so I can only understand very simple phrases.<br />2) There are [[fill_choice-172]] cookies in the box, so everyone can take one.<br />3) We have [[fill_choice-247]] chairs, so some people will have to stand.<br />4) Add [[fill_choice-332]] sugar to the tea, please — just a small amount.","widgets":{"fill_choice-105":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["a few","few","a little","little"],"answer":3},"fill_choice-172":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["a few","few","a little","little"],"answer":0},"fill_choice-247":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["a few","few","a little","little"],"answer":1},"fill_choice-332":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["a few","few","a little","little"],"answer":2}},"id":"0"},{"content":"[[grouper-444]]","widgets":{"grouper-444":{"type":"grouper","labels":["Исчисляемые существительные","Неисчисляемые существительные"],"items":[["few apples","a few students"],["little water","a little money"]]}},"id":"1"},{"content":"[[grouper-569]]","widgets":{"grouper-569":{"type":"grouper","labels":["Исчисляемые существительные","Неисчисляемые существительные"],"items":[["few cars","a few people"],["little milk","a little advice"]]}},"id":"1"},{"content":"We have [[fill_choice_big-1]] homework today, so I will stay at home in the evening.","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["many","much","a lot of"],"answer":2}},"id":"3"},{"content":"There are [[fill_choice_big-795]] people waiting outside, so we should open another door.","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-795":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["many","much","a lot of"],"answer":2}},"id":"3"},{"content":"1) She [[fill_choice-900]] for the bus for 20 minutes, so she is getting impatient.<br />2) She [[fill_choice-1005]] until now to share the good news with her family.","widgets":{"fill_choice-900":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["has waited","has been waiting"],"answer":1},"fill_choice-1005":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["has waited","has been waiting"],"answer":0}},"id":"4"},{"content":"1) He [[fill_choice-1769]] in the library for two hours, so he needs a break.<br />2) He [[fill_choice-1966]] his essay, so he can show it now.","widgets":{"fill_choice-1769":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["has studied","has been studying"],"answer":1},"fill_choice-1966":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["has studied","has been studying"],"answer":0}},"id":"4"},{"instruction":"Выберите все предложения в Present Perfect Continuous","content":"[[choice-901]]","widgets":{"choice-901":{"type":"choice","options":["I have been reading this book all evening.","I have read this book twice.","They have been playing football since 4 o’clock.","She has just finished her homework."],"explanations":["Действие началось в прошлом и продолжается / имеет длительность до настоящего: have been reading + all evening.","Результат/опыт без акцента на длительность: have read.","Длительное действие от момента в прошлом до настоящего: have been playing + since.","Завершенное действие с результатом «только что»: has finished."],"answer":[0,2]}},"id":"5"},{"instruction":"Выберите все предложения в Present Perfect Continuous","content":"[[choice-2239]]","widgets":{"choice-2239":{"type":"choice","options":["We have been waiting for the teacher for ten minutes.","I have finished the biology project.","She has been learning to drive since March.","They have visited Kazan three times."],"explanations":["Длительность до настоящего: have been waiting + for ten minutes.","Результат (проект завершен): have finished.","Действие началось в прошлом и продолжается: has been learning + since March.","Опыт/количество раз: have visited three times."],"answer":[0,2]}},"id":"5"},{"content":"[[speech-1306]][[sentence-902]]","widgets":{"sentence-902":{"type":"sentence","words":["He","has","already","sent","the","email"],"extra":["been","sending"]},"speech-1306":{"type":"speech","text":"Он уже отправил электронное письмо."}},"id":"6"},{"content":"[[speech-2633]][[sentence-2708]]","widgets":{"speech-2633":{"type":"speech","text":"Они убирают класс все утро."},"sentence-2708":{"type":"sentence","words":["They","have","been","cleaning","the","classroom","all","morning"],"extra":["has","cleaned"]}},"id":"6"},{"content":"We [[fill_choice_big-1485]] on this project since Monday, and finally it's ready.","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-1485":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["have worked","have been working"],"answer":0}},"id":"7"},{"content":"My sister [[fill_choice_big-3091]] for this exam all week.","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-3091":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has prepared","has been preparing"],"answer":1}},"id":"7"},{"content":"1) Mum isn’t at home. She [[fill_choice-4001]] to the supermarket.<br />2) Mum is back and has bags with food. She [[fill_choice-4002]] to the supermarket.","widgets":{"fill_choice-4001":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["has been","has gone"],"answer":1},"fill_choice-4002":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["has been","has gone"],"answer":0}},"explanation":"В 1) мамы нет дома, значит, она уехала и еще не вернулась: “has gone“. Во 2) мама уже вернулась и у нее пакеты с продуктами: “has been“.","hints":["Вспомним разницу: “have gone“ — человек ушел/уехал и еще не вернулся; “have been“ — человек был где-то и уже вернулся."],"id":"8"},{"content":"1) I can’t give you the book now — I [[fill_choice-4003]] to the library.<br />2) I borrowed this book yesterday. I [[fill_choice-4004]] to the library twice this week.","widgets":{"fill_choice-4003":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["have been","have gone"],"answer":1},"fill_choice-4004":{"type":"fill_choice","options":["have been","have gone"],"answer":0}},"explanation":"В 1) вы не можете дать книгу сейчас, потому что вы ушли в библиотеку и вас нет рядом: “have gone“. Во 2) речь о количестве посещений за неделю (опыт), а не о том, что вы сейчас там: “have been“.","hints":["Если говорим о том, что человек сейчас не здесь, часто подходит “have gone“. Если говорим об опыте/количестве посещений и подразумеваем возвращение — “have been“."],"id":"8"},{"content":"Выберите вариант, который лучше всего подходит к ситуации: «Тома нет в офисе сейчас. Он уехал на встречу и еще не вернулся».<br />[[choice-5001]]","widgets":{"choice-5001":{"type":"choice","options":["Tom has been to a meeting.","Tom has gone to a meeting.","Tom has been at a meeting yesterday.","Tom has gone to a meeting many times."],"explanations":["“Has been to“ обычно означает, что человек уже посетил место и вернулся.","“Has gone to“ означает, что человек уехал/ушел и еще не вернулся.","С “yesterday“ обычно используют Past Simple, а не Present Perfect.","“Has gone“ не используют для значения «много раз»; для опыта подходит “has been to“."],"answer":[1]}},"hints":["Сравним значения: “has gone“ — человек сейчас не здесь; “has been“ — был и уже вернулся."],"id":"9"},{"content":"Выберите вариант, который лучше всего подходит к ситуации: «Мы были в Санкт-Петербурге и уже вернулись домой. Делимся впечатлениями».<br />[[choice-5002]]","widgets":{"choice-5002":{"type":"choice","options":["We have gone to Saint Petersburg.","We have been to Saint Petersburg.","We have been in Saint Petersburg tomorrow.","We have gone to Saint Petersburg three times and we are at home now."],"explanations":["“Have gone to“ подразумевает, что вы уехали и еще не вернулись.","“Have been to“ означает, что вы посетили место и вернулись (опыт/посещение).","С “tomorrow“ Present Perfect не употребляется.","Фраза противоречива: “have gone“ указывает на отсутствие «здесь и сейчас»."],"answer":[1]}},"hints":["Если вы уже вернулись, подходит “have been (to)“, а не “have gone (to)“."],"id":"9"}]}</textarea></pre></div>