Past Perfect или Past Simple

{"questions":[{"content":"<p>By the time we got to the cinema, the film <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span>, so we missed the beginning.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has started","had started","started"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time we got to the cinema, the film had started, so we missed the beginning. — К тому времени, как мы добрались до кинотеатра, фильм уже начался, поэтому мы пропустили начало. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had started. Has started не подходит: речь о прошлом."},{"content":"<p>First he opened the door quietly, then he <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> into the dark room.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["walked","has walked","had walked"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"First he opened the door quietly, then he walked into the dark room. — Сначала он тихо открыл дверь, потом вошел в темную комнату. Действия идут одно за другим в том порядке, в каком произошли, поэтому Past Simple — walked."},{"content":"<p>By the time I reached the bus stop, the last bus <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span>, so I walked home.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["left","had left","has left"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time I reached the bus stop, the last bus had left, so I walked home. — К тому времени, как я дошел до остановки, последний автобус уже ушел, поэтому я пошел домой пешком. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had left."},{"content":"<p>Yesterday I <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> my grandmother and helped her in the garden.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["visited","have visited","had visited"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"Yesterday I visited my grandmother and helped her in the garden. — Вчера я навестил бабушку и помог ей в саду. Yesterday — одно событие в прошлом, за ним следующее по порядку, поэтому Past Simple — visited."},{"content":"<p>By the end of yesterday's lesson, we <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> all the exercises in the unit.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had done","did","have done"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the end of yesterday's lesson, we had done all the exercises in the unit. — К концу вчерашнего урока мы уже сделали все упражнения в разделе. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had done."},{"content":"<p>My grandfather <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> this house forty years ago with his own hands.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["built","had built","has built"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"My grandfather built this house forty years ago with his own hands. — Мой дедушка построил этот дом сорок лет назад своими руками. Ago называет время одного события в прошлом, другого события для сравнения нет, поэтому Past Simple — built."},{"content":"<p>By the end of last year, my family <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> to a new flat in the city centre.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had moved","has moved","moved"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the end of last year, my family had moved to a new flat in the city centre. — К концу прошлого года наша семья уже переехала в новую квартиру в центре города. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had moved."},{"content":"<p>We bought the tickets and then <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> for the train for an hour.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["have waited","waited","had waited"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"We bought the tickets and then waited for the train for an hour. — Мы купили билеты и потом час ждали поезд. And then показывает следующее действие по порядку, поэтому Past Simple — waited."},{"content":"<p>By the time my mother came home, I <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> dinner for the whole family.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["have cooked","cooked","had cooked"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time my mother came home, I had cooked dinner for the whole family. — К тому времени, как мама пришла домой, я уже приготовил ужин на всю семью. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had cooked."},{"content":"<p>First she washed the vegetables, then she <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> them into small pieces.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has cut","had cut","cut"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"First she washed the vegetables, then she cut them into small pieces. — Сначала она помыла овощи, потом порезала их на маленькие кусочки. Действия идут одно за другим в том порядке, в каком произошли, поэтому Past Simple — cut."},{"content":"<p>By the time he was twelve, my brother <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> five different countries.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has visited","had visited","visited"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time he was twelve, my brother had visited five different countries. — К двенадцати годам мой брат уже побывал в пяти разных странах. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had visited."},{"content":"<p>Two years ago my sister <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> school and went to university.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has finished","finished","had finished"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"Two years ago my sister finished school and went to university. — Два года назад моя сестра окончила школу и поступила в университет. Ago и следующее по порядку действие went показывают простую цепочку событий, поэтому Past Simple — finished."},{"content":"<p>By the time the teacher came in, the students <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> their seats.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["have taken","took","had taken"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time the teacher came in, the students had taken their seats. — К тому времени, как вошел учитель, ученики уже заняли свои места. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had taken."},{"content":"<p>The boy picked up the ball and <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> it to his friend.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["threw","has thrown","had thrown"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"The boy picked up the ball and threw it to his friend. — Мальчик поднял мяч и бросил его другу. Мальчик сначала поднял мяч, потом бросил: действия по порядку, поэтому Past Simple — threw."},{"content":"<p>By six o'clock yesterday, I <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> my homework and could watch TV.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had finished","finished","have finished"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By six o'clock yesterday, I had finished my homework and could watch TV. — Вчера к шести часам я уже закончил домашнее задание и мог смотреть телевизор. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had finished."},{"content":"<p>Last night I <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> a strange noise and looked out of the window.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had heard","heard","have heard"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"Last night I heard a strange noise and looked out of the window. — Вчера вечером я услышал странный шум и выглянул в окно. Сначала услышал, потом выглянул: действия по порядку, поэтому Past Simple — heard."},{"content":"<p>By the time the firefighters arrived, the fire <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> half of the old barn.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has destroyed","had destroyed","destroyed"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time the firefighters arrived, the fire had destroyed half of the old barn. — К тому времени, как приехали пожарные, огонь уже уничтожил половину старого сарая. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had destroyed."},{"content":"<p>On my seventh birthday, my parents <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> me a red bike.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["gave","have given","had given"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"On my seventh birthday, my parents gave me a red bike. — На мой седьмой день рождения родители подарили мне красный велосипед. Одно событие в прошлом с точным временем, без другого события для сравнения, поэтому Past Simple — gave."},{"content":"<p>By the end of last year, our school <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> a new sports hall.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["built","had built","has built"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the end of last year, our school had built a new sports hall. — К концу прошлого года наша школа уже построила новый спортивный зал. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had built."},{"content":"<p>She came home, <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> a shower and went to bed.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had taken","took","has taken"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"She came home, took a shower and went to bed. — Она пришла домой, приняла душ и легла спать. Три действия идут подряд в том порядке, в каком произошли, поэтому Past Simple — took."},{"content":"<p>By the time we reached the top of the mountain, the sun <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> behind the clouds.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["disappeared","has disappeared","had disappeared"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time we reached the top of the mountain, the sun had disappeared behind the clouds. — К тому времени, как мы поднялись на вершину горы, солнце уже скрылось за облаками. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had disappeared."},{"content":"<p>Last summer my cousin <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> to the Black Sea with his parents.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["went","has gone","had gone"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"Last summer my cousin went to the Black Sea with his parents. — Прошлым летом мой двоюродный брат ездил на Черное море с родителями. Last summer — одно событие в прошлом, другого события для сравнения нет, поэтому Past Simple — went."},{"content":"<p>By the time I woke up, my parents <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> for work.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had left","have left","left"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time I woke up, my parents had left for work. — К тому времени, как я проснулся, родители уже ушли на работу. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had left."},{"content":"<p>An hour ago the postman <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> a parcel for my father.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has brought","had brought","brought"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"An hour ago the postman brought a parcel for my father. — Час назад почтальон принес посылку для моего папы. Ago называет время одного события в прошлом, поэтому Past Simple — brought."},{"content":"<p>By the time she was ten, she <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> all the books in the school library.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["read","has read","had read"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time she was ten, she had read all the books in the school library. — К десяти годам она уже прочитала все книги в школьной библиотеке. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had read."},{"content":"<p>By the time the guests arrived, we <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> the room with balloons.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["decorated","had decorated","have decorated"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time the guests arrived, we had decorated the room with balloons. — К тому времени, как пришли гости, мы уже украсили комнату шарами. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had decorated."},{"content":"<p>Yesterday the students <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> an interesting experiment in the chemistry lesson.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had done","have done","did"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"Yesterday the students did an interesting experiment in the chemistry lesson. — Вчера ученики провели интересный опыт на уроке химии. Yesterday — одно событие в прошлом, другого события для сравнения нет, поэтому Past Simple — did."},{"content":"<p>By the time we got to the shop, it <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> for the night.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had closed","has closed","closed"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time we got to the shop, it had closed for the night. — К тому времени, как мы добрались до магазина, он уже закрылся на ночь. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had closed."},{"content":"<p>The cat jumped onto the table and <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> the milk from my cup.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has drunk","drank","had drunk"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"The cat jumped onto the table and drank the milk from my cup. — Кошка запрыгнула на стол и выпила молоко из моей чашки. Кошка сначала запрыгнула, потом выпила: действия по порядку, поэтому Past Simple — drank."},{"content":"<p>By the time the police arrived, the thieves <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> through the back door.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["escaped","had escaped","have escaped"],"answer":1,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time the police arrived, the thieves had escaped through the back door. — К тому времени, как приехала полиция, воры уже сбежали через заднюю дверь. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had escaped."},{"content":"<p>By the time my friend called me back, I <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> the problem myself.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["have solved","solved","had solved"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the time my friend called me back, I had solved the problem myself. — К тому времени, как друг мне перезвонил, я уже сам решил задачу. By the time + прошедшее время: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had solved."},{"content":"<p>In the morning I got up, <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> my teeth and had breakfast.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["have cleaned","had cleaned","cleaned"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"In the morning I got up, cleaned my teeth and had breakfast. — Утром я встал, почистил зубы и позавтракал. Действия идут одно за другим в том порядке, в каком произошли, поэтому Past Simple — cleaned."},{"content":"<p>By the end of our trip last year, we <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> more than a thousand photos.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had taken","have taken","took"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the end of our trip last year, we had taken more than a thousand photos. — К концу нашей прошлогодней поездки мы уже сделали больше тысячи фотографий. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had taken."},{"content":"<p>By last Monday, I <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> all the books from the summer reading list.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["read","have read","had read"],"answer":2,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By last Monday, I had read all the books from the summer reading list. — К прошлому понедельнику я уже прочитал все книги из летнего списка. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had read."},{"content":"<p>My father found his keys, <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> the car and drove to work.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["started","had started","has started"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"My father found his keys, started the car and drove to work. — Папа нашел ключи, завел машину и поехал на работу. Нашел, завел, поехал: действия по порядку, поэтому Past Simple — started."},{"content":"<p>By the end of last summer, the children <span class=\"placeholder\">_____</span> to swim in the river.</p>[[gap-1]]","widgets":{"gap-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["had learnt","have learnt","learnt"],"answer":0,"displayMode":"buttons","placeholder":false}},"explanation":"By the end of last summer, the children had learnt to swim in the river. — К концу прошлого лета дети уже научились плавать в реке. Указатель by + момент в прошлом: к этому моменту действие уже завершилось, поэтому Past Perfect — had learnt."}]}