Задания 12-18. Полное понимание информации в тексте

{"questions":[{"content":"Rising sea levels. Raging storms. Searing heat. Ferocious fires. Severe drought. Punishing floods. The effects of climate change are already threatening our health, our communities, our economy, and our children’s future.<br /><br />What can you do? A whole lot, as it turns out. Americans, on average, produce 21 tons of carbon a year, about four times the global average. Personal action is, of course, no substitute for meaningful government policies. We still must limit carbon pollution and move away from dirty fossil fuels and toward cleaner power.<br /><br />According to the text, carbon emissions in the USA [[fill_choice_big-12]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-12":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["are about the same as in other developed countries","have risen four times in the last few years","are generally higher than in other countries","have been controlled by government policies"],"answer":1}},"explanation":"Americans, on average, produce 21 tons of carbon a year, about four times the global average. — Американцы в среднем производят 21 тонну углерода в год, что примерно в четыре раза больше среднего показателя по миру."},{"content":"Rising sea levels. Raging storms. Searing heat. Ferocious fires. Severe drought. Punishing floods. The effects of climate change are already threatening our health, our communities, our economy, and our children’s future.<br /><br />What can you do? A whole lot, as it turns out. Americans, on average, produce 21 tons of carbon a year, about four times the global average. Personal action is, of course, no substitute for meaningful government policies. We still must limit carbon pollution and move away from dirty fossil fuels and toward cleaner power.<br /><br />But it’s important to remember the equally vital contributions that can be made by private citizens — which is to say, by you. “Change only happens when individuals take action,” says clean energy advocate Emily Dain. “There’s no other way, if it doesn’t start with people.” Here are some easy, effective ways each one of us can make a difference.<br /><br />The author thinks that the role of individuals in fighting climate change is <br />[[fill_choice_big-32]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-32":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["as important as that of the governments","more necessary now than it used to be","vital in limiting carbon pollution","more essential than government policies"],"answer":0}},"explanation":"Personal action is, of course, no substitute for meaningful government policies. But it’s important to remember the equally vital contributions that can be made by private citizens. — Личные действия, конечно, не могут заменить значимую государственную политику. Но важно помнить о не менее важном вкладе, который могут внести обычные жители. <br /><br />Change only happens when individuals take action. There’s no other way, if it doesn’t start with people. — Перемены происходят только тогда, когда отдельные люди начинают действовать. Другого пути нет, если они не начинаются с самих людей. <br />"},{"content":"Here are some easy, effective ways each one of us can make a difference.<br /><br />First, weatherize. Building heating and cooling are among the biggest uses of energy. Indeed, heating and air-conditioning account for almost half of home energy use. You can make your space more energy efficient by sealing drafts and ensuring it’s adequately insulated. In the USA it is possible to claim federal tax credits for many energy efficiency home improvements. <br /><br />Next, invest in energy-efficient appliances. Since they were first implemented in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That’s about the same amount as the annual carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. Energy efficiency is the lowest-cost way to reduce emissions. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, water heaters, and other appliances, look for the Energy Eco label. It will tell you which of them are the most efficient.<br /><br />And when you’re ready to swap out your old machines, don’t just put them on the curb. Recycling an old refrigerator through a special appliance disposal program can prevent an additional 10,000 pounds of carbon pollution because the global-warming pollutants in the refrigerants and foam would be properly captured, rather than vented to the air.<br /><br />Reduce water waste. Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water. So, take shorter showers, turn off the tap while brushing your teeth, and switch to water-efficient appliances. It is estimated that if just one out of every 100 homes were equipped with water-efficient fixtures, about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year would be saved.<br /><br />What is the author's advice about reducing the weather effects on energy use? [[fill_choice_big-53]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-53":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Turn down heating and cooling systems.","Improve your home to use less energy.","Ask for federal tax credits to compensate for the costs.","Adjust heating and air-conditioning to the weather."],"placeholder":0,"answer":1}},"explanation":"You can make your space more energy efficient by sealing drafts and ensuring it’s adequately insulated. — Вы можете повысить энергоэффективность своего помещения, устранив сквозняки и обеспечив его надлежащую изоляцию.<br /><br />Invest in energy-efficient appliances. — Инвестируйте в энергосберегательную бытовую технику.<br /><br />When you’re ready to swap out your old machines, don’t just put them on the curb. — Когда вы будете готовы заменить свою старую технику, не просто выбрасывайте ее, оставив где-то у бордюра. <br /><br />Take shorter showers, turn off the tap while brushing your teeth, and switch to water-efficient appliances. – Принимайте душ немного быстрее, закрывайте кран во время чистки зубов и пользуйтесь приборами, экономящими воду."},{"content":"Invest in energy-efficient appliances. Since they were first implemented in 1987, efficiency standards for dozens of appliances and products have kept 2.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of the air. That’s about the same amount as the annual carbon pollution coughed up by nearly 440 million cars. Energy efficiency is the lowest-cost way to reduce emissions. When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, water heaters, and other appliances, look for the Energy Eco label. It will tell you which of them are the most efficient.<br /><br />THEM in «It will tell you which of them are the most efficient» most probably refers to [[fill_choice_big-104]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-104":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["emissions","special signs","electric devices","standards"],"answer":2}},"explanation":"When shopping for refrigerators, washing machines, water heaters, and other appliances, look for the Energy Eco label. It will tell you which of them are the most efficient. — Покупая холодильники, стиральные машины, водонагреватели и другую бытовую технику, обратите внимание на экологическую маркировку. Она подскажет вам, какие из них наиболее эффективны. <br /><br />В данном контексте местоимение «них» заменяет слово «электроприборы» – холодильники, стиральные машины, водонагреватели и другие приборы."},{"content":"Reduce water waste. Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water. So, take shorter showers, turn off the tap while brushing your teeth, and switch to water-efficient appliances. t is estimated that if just one out of every 100 homes were equipped with water-efficient fixtures, about 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year would be saved.<br /><br />It is implied that reducing water use [[fill_choice_big-154]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-154":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["saves more water for areas with lack of rain","is connected with energy-efficient equipment","is beneficial only if many people do it","results in fewer harmful gases in the atmosphere"],"answer":3}},"explanation":"Reduce water waste. Saving water reduces carbon pollution. – Сократите использование воды. Экономия воды снижает выбросы углекислого газа."},{"content":"Еat the food you buy — and compost what you can’t. Approximately 10 percent of energy use goes into growing, processing, packaging, and shipping food — about 40 percent of which winds up in a landfill. If you’re wasting less food, you're likely cutting down on energy consumption. As for the scraps you can’t eat or the leftovers you don’t get to, collect them in a compost bin instead of sending them to a landfill where they release methane. Recycling food and other organic waste into compost provides a range of environmental benefits, including improving soil health, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, recycling nutrients, and mitigating the impact of droughts.<br /><br />Which benefit of composting food is NOT mentioned in the text?[[fill_choice_big-209]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-209":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Decreasing landfill waste.","Making the land better.","Reducing harmful gases.","Lessening the harm of poor rainfall."],"placeholder":0,"answer":0}},"explanation":"Найдем в тексте те варианты ответа, которые были упомянуты:<br /><br />Making the land better: Improving soil health. — Улучшение состояния почвы. <br /><br />Reducing harmful gases: Decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. — Сокращение выбросов парниковых газов.<br /><br />Lessening the harm of poor rainfall: Mitigating the impact of droughts. Смягчение последствий засухи. <br /><br />В тексте не было упомянуто об уменьшении количества свалок как преимущества компостирования пищевых продуктов."}]}

{"questions":[{"content":"Student clubs are an important part of the social and emotional development of young adults. Engagement in student organisations and activities can further develop self-awareness, self-management, and foster empathetic connections with others. <br />I recognize a few downsides to the number of student organisations on my campus, especially in how resume-building opportunities appear to drive these numbers more often than a personal desire to help your community. But that doesn't outweigh the positive impact such memberships can have on social and emotional development for college students and on boosting their soft skills. Soft skills are «people skills» that allow us to effectively interact with others, like communication and work ethic.<br /><br />What does the author say about the disadvantages of student clubs?[[fill_choice_big-1]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Attending student clubs is not enough for building a good resume.","Students join clubs to improve their resume rather than to satisfy their interest.","There are more disadvantages than advantages of joining a student club.","There are some minuses if you choose the wrong student organisation."],"placeholder":0,"answer":1}},"explanation":"I recognize a few downsides to the number of student organisations on my campus, especially in how resume-building opportunities appear to drive these numbers more often than a personal desire to help your community. — Я вижу несколько недостатков в количестве студенческих организаций в моем кампусе, особенно в том, что возможности для составления резюме, по-видимому, влияют на это число чаще, чем личное желание помочь своему сообществу.<br /><br />Наиболее подходящим является ответ «Students join clubs to improve their resume rather than to satisfy their interest» — Студенты вступают в клубы скорее для того, чтобы улучшить свое резюме, чем ради интереса. <br />"},{"content":"Campus clubs are spaces where students are encouraged to be themselves, make potential mistakes, miss deadlines, and use their experiences to grow in a supportive environment. Joining a student organisation presents many opportunities to learn more about yourself, your goals and your strengths. You can learn from how others handle certain situations and test your current knowledge. You can also find out what you're good at, whether that's multitasking, staying organised, generating ideas, or serving others. This self-awareness will be beneficial in your future career.<br /><br />Student clubs are characterised in the text as a place where students [[fill_choice_big-13]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-13":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["learn multitasking","fail to make mistakes","follow others' examples","develop their skills"],"answer":3}},"explanation":"You can learn from how others handle certain situations and test your current knowledge. You can also find out what you're good at, whether that's multitasking, staying organised, generating ideas, or serving others. — Вы можете поучиться у других тому, как они справляются с определенными ситуациями, и проверить свои текущие знания. Вы также можете узнать, в чем вы хороши, будь то многозадачность, организованность, генерация идей или помощь другим.<br /><br />Здесь идет речь о развитии различных навыков студентов."},{"content":"Some of my peers have mentioned the issue of over-committing when they're pressured to be involved. When classroom work increases and time feels like it's running out, it may feel like there is no other option than to drop a commitment or two. In my experience, many student clubs welcome conversations about needing some time. In spaces run by others who may be struggling with work-life balance, I have never had a club tell me that stepping back isn't an option or that there won't be space for me when I feel ready to return. From sports and wellness focused organisations to cultural, or creative groups, there is space for everyone in a student club on my campus if students choose to seek out those opportunities.<br /><br />What is the author's advice if you are short of time?[[fill_choice_big-36]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-36":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Seek a club that requires less time.","Tell the club members that you lack time.","Choose a sport or wellness organisation.","Learn to say 'no' to more commitments."],"placeholder":0,"answer":1}},"explanation":"Many student clubs welcome conversations about needing some time — Многие студенческие клубы одобряют, когда кто-то говорит, что ему требуется немного больше времени."},{"content":"Some of my peers have mentioned the issue of over-committing when they're pressured to be involved. When classroom work increases and time feels like it's running out, it may feel like there is no other option than to drop a commitment or two. In my experience, many student clubs welcome conversations about needing some time. In spaces run by others who may be struggling with work-life balance, I have never had a club tell me that stepping back isn't an option or that there won't be space for me when I feel ready to return. From sports and wellness focused organisations to cultural, or creative groups, there is space for everyone in a student club on my campus if students choose to seek out those opportunities.<br /><br />On the other hand, student clubs don't really foster a community. They divide the student base. While student clubs can bring a sense of community to students, oftentimes this creates a problem for students with social anxiety to feel that they can fit in. When there are a lot of different student groups, it can become overwhelming to attempt to fit in with the rest of the crowd.<br /><br />THIS in «oftentimes this creates a problem for students» most probably refers to [[fill_choice_big-69]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-69":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["a sense of belonging","feeling worried","the diversity of groups","a lack of community spirit"],"answer":0}},"explanation":"While student clubs can bring a sense of community to students, oftentimes this creates a problem for students with social anxiety to feel that they can fit in. — В то время как студенческие клубы могут привить студентам чувство общности, часто оно (чувство общности)  создает проблему для студентов с социальной тревожностью — они не могут чувствовать себя интегрированными в общество."},{"content":"Many student clubs also require funding in some part from students, or at least investment from students to fully participate in their group, which becomes a factor that may leave those who join the clubs left out.<br /><br />It is implied that student clubs that require funding [[fill_choice_big-112]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-112":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["become too demanding for some members","should be sponsored by the university","make it impossible for some to join them","are difficult to manage logistically"],"answer":0}},"explanation":"В отрывке сказано, что многие студенческие клубы также требуют частичного финансирования от студентов (clubs also require funding in some part from students). <br /><br />Соответственно, иногда требование постоянных взносов становится слишком навязчивым."},{"content":"Some student clubs promote themselves as good job experience for the real world. But resources to help students succeed in life should be available to students from the outside. Additionally, student clubs require a time investment to reach these opportunities. This allows for the attitude of earning one's way to an advantageous position in society when it all comes down to knowing the right person. Thus, the problem of alienation goes beyond how many people someone can know around campus. Shouldn't success be valued on the effort someone makes, and not on the luck of knowing the name of a different person of repute?<br /><br />What is the author's attitude to clubs that promote themselves as «good job experience for the real world»?[[fill_choice_big-167]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-167":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["They provide good resources for success.","They are great for making connections.","They create the wrong idea of success.","They trick students into investing time."],"placeholder":0,"answer":2}},"explanation":"Ответ можно найти в следующих предложениях:<br />It all comes down to knowing the right person. Shouldn't success be valued on the effort someone makes, and not on the luck of knowing the name of a different person of repute? — Все сводится к знакомству с нужным человеком. Разве успех не должен оцениваться по приложенным усилиям, а не по удачному знакомству с уважаемым человеком?"}]}

{"questions":[{"content":"At the end of last semester, I was elected president of the Asian Studies Club at my university. It's a pretty cool deal — the school gives us a lot of support to host fun events, like foreign movie nights, happy hours. And special receptions, and we also sponsor speakers to give special talks on Asia-related topics.<br /><br />The author's club organised activities connected with [[fill_choice_big-1]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["specific topics of one region","different foreign languages","public speaking skills","entertaining Asian students"],"answer":0}},"explanation":"Ответ можно найти в данной части предложения: ...we also sponsor speakers to give special talks on Asia-related topics. — Мы также спонсируем выступления спикеров на особые темы, связанные с Азией."},{"content":"It goes without saying that becoming a leader or an officer in a student club will help you develop leadership skills that will be invaluable in all areas of life. Being in different roles, I realised that it requires a combination of leadership, advocacy, and community. And I also learned that managing people is not easy… especially students.<br /><br />This lesson is probably pretty obvious, but it's something that I didn't fully understand until I experienced it myself. Taking on leadership positions is one of the most intimidating things I've ever done. However, it's also one of the most rewarding experiences, because I learned a lot about the nuances of managing teams, people, and expectations.<br /><br />The author evaluates his leadership experience as [[fill_choice_big-11]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-11":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["one of the most difficult","better than he expected","both scary and worthwhile","both practical and tiring"],"answer":2}},"explanation":"Taking on leadership positions is one of the most intimidating things I've ever done. However, it's also one of the most rewarding experiences. — Занимать руководящие позиции — одно из самых пугающих вещей, которые я когда-либо делал. Однако это также один из самых полезных опытов. <br /><br />Делаем вывод, что наиболее подходящим является вариант both scary and worthwhile  — и пугающий, и стоящий."},{"content":"It goes without saying that becoming a leader or an officer in a student club will help you develop leadership skills that will be invaluable in all areas of life. Being in different roles, I realised that it requires a combination of leadership, advocacy, and community. And I also learned that managing people is not easy… especially students.<br /><br />This lesson is probably pretty obvious, but it's something that I didn't fully understand until I experienced it myself. Taking on leadership positions is one of the most intimidating things I've ever done. However, it's also one of the most rewarding experiences, because I learned a lot about the nuances of managing teams, people, and expectations.<br /><br />IT in «until I experienced it myself» most probably refers to <br />[[fill_choice_big-31]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-31":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["trying different roles","combining studies and clubs","understanding fellow students","organising and controlling people"],"answer":3}},"explanation":"I also learned that managing people is not easy… especially students. This lesson is probably pretty obvious, but it's something that I didn't fully understand until I experienced it myself. — Я также узнал, что управлять людьми нелегко... особенно учащимися. Этот урок, вероятно, довольно очевиден, но это то, что я не понимал до конца, пока не испытал это сам. <br /><br />Чтобы понять, к чему относится местоимение it, необходимо обратить внимание на сочетание managing people – управление людьми – в 1 абзаце.<br /><br />Делаем вывод, что наиболее подходящим вариантом является вариант organising and controlling people – организация и контроль людей."},{"content":"One of the unique challenges of working with students is that they have tons of other things going on, and it's hard to know if the thing you're working together on is even in their priority list. If you've ever worked in student groups, you are probably familiar with people saying something similar to this: «Oh, I'm so sorry. I had a midterm and another homework assignment going on, so I couldn't finish it. Can I do it by next week?»<br /><br />I realised that I actually don't mind it when my team moves things around to fit their schedule, but this requires communication. I've come to appreciate when people inform me that they have other things that they have to prioritise, and then work out alternatives together with me. This experience made me very conscious of my own communication skills when I have to work with others. I try to keep myself accountable and be on top of communicating my priorities, expectations, and especially challenges to my managers and teammates.<br /><br />How does the author characterise students he worked with?[[fill_choice_big-104]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-104":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Devoted to the project.","Unable to set priorities.","Sometimes irresponsible.","Having too much work."],"placeholder":0,"answer":3}},"explanation":"One of the unique challenges of working with students is that they have tons of other things going on. — Одна из уникальных проблем работы со студентами заключается в том, что у них есть масса других дел помимо учебы."},{"content":"I realised that I actually don't mind it when my team moves things around to fit their schedule, but this requires communication. I've come to appreciate when people inform me that they have other things that they have to prioritise, and then work out alternatives together with me. This experience made me very conscious of my own communication skills when I have to work with others. I try to keep myself accountable and be on top of communicating my priorities, expectations, and especially challenges to my managers and teammates.<br /><br />Overall, leading student clubs taught me the importance of setting expectations and communication (and that students are probably the hardest group of people to manage). Nevertheless, I enjoyed identifying people's strengths to build an executive board of students who are truly passionate about change and community. Serving as a leader of a student club presents a visible platform for me to help people bring their best selves to the table and think outside of their comfort zone, as college is a time to discover who you are and what intrigues you.<br /><br />What conclusion does the author come to in the last paragraph?[[fill_choice_big-168]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-168":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["A leader should support the team and set objectives clearly.","Being a leader enables you to make your community better.","A true leader should work hard to bring out the best in others.","Leaders of students' organisations should be the best students."],"placeholder":0,"answer":0}},"explanation":"Ответ на вопрос можно найти в следующих отрывках:<br /> <br />...leading student clubs taught me the importance of setting expectations and communication — Ведение студенческих клубов научило меня важности определения ожиданий и коммуникации. <br /><br />Serving as a leader of a student club presents a visible platform for me to help people bring their best selves to the table and think outside of their comfort zone — Работа в качестве лидера студенческого клуба дает мне возможность помогать людям проявлять свои лучшие качества и мыслить вне зоны комфорта.<br /><br />Под определением ожиданий имеется в виду постановка целей, а возможность помогать людям раскрывать себя говорит о поддержке своей команды."}]}

{"questions":[{"content":"I like bullet journaling because it's a great way to track my day-to-day activities, as well as my long-term goals. Planners and to-do lists typically only focus on what you're doing in the future, and diaries typically focus on what you did that day. But all of these things give us a complete picture of who we are. Before I started bullet journaling, the idea of keeping my diary, my personal to-do list, and my work tasks in the same place seemed absurd. But now I understand both how to organise that, and also why it makes sense.<br /><br />I'm amazed at how many things I left out of my old diaries — I basically just wrote about boys I had crushes on and nothing else. I didn't write nearly enough about my friends, cool things I was reading, or simply what my daily routine was like. Bullet journaling helps you record all of the things that are going on in your life, and makes it easy to keep track of the things you want to do in the future.<br /><br />It is implied that the author mainly used her diaries to write about her [[fill_choice_big-2]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-2":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["school friends","unreturned love","future plans","daily activities"],"answer":1}},"explanation":"I basically just wrote about boys I had crushes on and nothing else. — Я в основном просто писала о парнях, в которых я была влюблена, и ни о чем больше."},{"content":"It also gives me a space to literally record anything else that doesn’t fall into any of these categories — I have used my journals to take notes in class when I forgot my subject notebook, in meetings, in info sessions. I’ve used it to plan essays and presentations. I even used it as an art journal, where I would draw or just stick random things onto the pages.<br /><br />However, many might think that journaling is too time-consuming. “How do you keep up with it?”, — this is the question that I get every time I show someone my journals. Yes, it can be time-consuming — if you make it to be. Like the general consensus, I realised quickly that setting up the planner layout at the beginning of every month was too time-consuming, and resorted to use the journal to record all of my random thoughts and ideas before they float away into nothingness.<br /><br />IT in «Yes, it can be time consuming» most probably refers to [[fill_choice_big-9]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-9":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["showing your journal","recording your thoughts","setting up a planner","keeping a journal"],"answer":3}},"explanation":"Many might think that journaling is too time-consuming. «How do you keep up with it?», this is the question that I get every time I show someone my journals. Yes, it can be time-consuming if you make it to be. — Многие могут подумать, что ведение дневника отнимает слишком много времени. «Как вы успеваете это делать?» — вот вопрос, который я получаю каждый раз, когда показываю кому-то свои дневники. Да, это может занять много времени, если вы это сделаете.<br /><br />Автор имеет в виду, что ведение дневника может занять много времени."},{"content":"The only reason why I've kept up with it for so long is that I've forgotten how to function as well as I do now without one. I honestly need it to sort out all the projects I'm involved in, and to keep myself sane. It's a productivity tool as well as therapy. But I don't always «keep up» with my journal. If I've set aside a page to track my spending, and suddenly I don't feel like that's useful anymore, I'll just abandon it. It's your journal, your rules.<br /><br />Why did the author write her journal for so long?[[fill_choice_big-28]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-28":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["It is a habit, though not always useful.","It is advice from her therapist.","It increases her efficiency.","It helps her to limit her spending."],"placeholder":0,"answer":2}},"explanation":"Ответ можно найти в первом предложении: The only reason why I've kept up with it for so long is that I've forgotten how to function as well as I do now without one. – Единственная причина, по которой я так долго с ним – это то, что я уже забыла, как вообще можно управляться без него. <br /><br />It's a productivity tool. – Это инструмент продуктивности. <br /><br />Делаем вывод, что причина в таком долгом ведении дневника заключается в том, что оно повышает эффективность работы автора."},{"content":"Personally, I write literally everything. I've shamelessly recommended journaling to many people over the past year and many people have told me that they are too scared to write. Some mention that they don't know how to make their pages look pretty. I always say the same thing: it really doesn't need to be pretty for it to be useful. I try to make mine nice to look at because I wanted to be creative with it. It was one of my goals when I started a journal. But if you aren't into aesthetics, feel free to use a pen and a blank journal.<br /><br />You also don't have to write that much. Why force yourself to write pages and pages if you have nothing to say? Just write down things that you find interesting, and things that you need to write down like... a grocery list, or, the homework problems given in class. And if you make a mistake, just turn over to a new page and start over. After all, that's the beauty of a blank journal.<br /><br />Which advice does the author give to those people who are afraid of starting a journal?[[fill_choice_big-63]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-63":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Write your goals at the start.","Be creative with your journal.","Make it functional rather than nice.","Use a nice-looking journal."],"placeholder":0,"answer":1}},"explanation":"I always say the same thing: it really doesn't need to be pretty for it to be useful. I try to make mine nice to look at because I wanted to be creative with it. It was one of my goals when I started a journal. But if you aren't into aesthetics, feel free to use a pen and a blank journal. — Я всегда говорю одно и то же: на самом деле, ему не надо быть красивым, чтобы быть полезным.  Я стараюсь сделать свой (ежедневник) красивым, потому что хочу проявить творческий подход. Это было одной из моих целей, когда я начала вести дневник. Но если вы не в восторге от эстетики, смело используйте ручку и чистый дневник.<br /><br />Автор призывает меньше обращать внимание на эстетику и не бояться проявлять креативность."}]}

{"questions":[{"content":"The first time we leave home and start preparing for adult life, college presents intense pressure to achieve high grades and shape successful careers. Students tend to push themselves to the limit both in their academic performance and in their recreational outlets. Yes, being a student can be tough. With the transition to adult life, making new friends and busy schedules for studying college stress is commonplace for most students.<br /><br />Stress is your body's response to uncomfortable or unfamiliar situations and can surface through a range of physical, emotional, or mental symptoms. The situations that lead to stress can be either negative or positive. Yes, even a high exam score can cause stress among college students, piling on the pressure to maintain the high average!<br /><br />Why does the author think that high exam scores can cause stress?[[fill_choice_big-1]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Positive things can lead to stress more often.","Achieving good results is hard work.","It is stressful to keep up the excellent level.","Students with high scores have symptoms of stress."],"placeholder":0,"answer":2}},"explanation":"Ответ на вопрос можно найти в следующем отрывке:<br />… even a high exam score can cause stress among college students, piling on the pressure to maintain the high average! — Даже высокий результат экзамена может стать причиной стресса у студентов колледжа, усиливая давление, связанное с необходимостью поддерживать высокий средний балл!"},{"content":"One of the most important lessons you can learn during college is to ask for and accept help. Whether from a friend or a professor, being surrounded by a strong support system will help ease the transition into some of the best years of your life.<br /><br />Admitting what you don't know and studying with a friend could be the difference between a 60% and 80% on your next exam. Asking your professor for an extension on your next paper might give you the time you need to write that last page. Try not to put so much weight on every situation and remind yourself that college is a time for clarification and exploration and should be enjoyed.<br /><br />What advice does the author NOT give about help in college?[[fill_choice_big-10]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-10":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Admit being in need of assistance and call for it.","Remember the importance of professional psychological help.","Seek assistance from those you know.","Ask a teacher to prolong a deadline for a task."],"placeholder":0,"answer":1}},"explanation":"Найдем в тексте советы, которые давал автор:<br /><br />Admit being in need of assistance and call for it. – Признайте, что вам нужна помощь и попросите ее. <br />Seek assistance from those you know. – Принимайте помощь от тех, кого вы знаете.<br /><br />Asking your professor for an extension on your next paper might give you the time you need to write that last page. — Попросив у профессора дополнительное время для следующей работы, вы, возможно, получите необходимое время, чтобы успеть дописать ту самую последнюю страницу. В этом предложении дают совет, который мы видим в варианте ответа Ask a teacher to prolong a deadline for a task – Попросите преподавателя отсрочить дедлайн для задания. <br /><br />В данном тексте нет совета о важности профессиональной психологической помощи."},{"content":"Eating healthy food can make a huge impact on alleviating stress and positive thinking. Make sure you avoid fast food and energy drinks as the fix will be temporary and will cause you to crash. Instead, eat lots of stress busting food. Green leafy vegetables like spinach contain folate that produce dopamine, a pleasure inducing brain chemical that will help you feel calm. Protein foods like eggs and meat help produce serotonin that regulates hunger and feelings of happiness and well-being. Omega 3 foods such as salmon have anti-inflammatory properties that help counteract the negative effects of stress hormones.<br /><br />What is the author's advice on eating to counter stress? [[fill_choice_big-32]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-32":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Keeping on a vegetarian diet will help to control stress.","What you drink is more important than what you eat.","Eat protein-containing food several times a day.","A varied diet is vital to reduce stress hormones."],"placeholder":0,"answer":3}},"explanation":"Автор перечисляет разнообразные продукты, которые помогают бороться со стрессом. Сюда входят овощи, яйца, мясо, рыба — в отрывке описано, как их употребление помогает выработке гормонов для противодействия стрессу."},{"content":"Many daily strategies also can help you keep stress at bay. Try relaxation activities, such as meditation, yoga, tai chi, breathing exercises and muscle relaxation. Programs are available online, in smartphone apps, and at many gyms and community centers.<br /><br />Stay positive and practice gratitude, acknowledging the good parts of your day or life. Accept that you can't control everything. Find ways to let go of worry about situations you cannot change. Learn to say «no» to additional responsibilities when you are too busy or stressed.<br /><br />The expression keep stress at bay in «Many daily strategies also can help you keep stress at bay» is closest in meaning to [[fill_choice_big-66]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-66":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["increase","investigate","control","remove"],"answer":2}},"explanation":"Идиома keep something or somebody at bay означает «держать на расстоянии». В данном случае речь идет о том, что нужно держать стресс на расстоянии, то есть контролировать его."},{"content":"Many daily strategies also can help you keep stress at bay. Try relaxation activities, such as meditation, yoga, tai chi, breathing exercises and muscle relaxation. Programs are available online, in smartphone apps, and at many gyms and community centers.<br /><br />Stay positive and practice gratitude, acknowledging the good parts of your day or life. Accept that you can't control everything. Find ways to let go of worry about situations you cannot change. Learn to say «no» to additional responsibilities when you are too busy or stressed.<br /><br />It is implied in the text that saying 'no' helps to [[fill_choice_big-109]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-109":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["keep you busy","stay positive","control emotions","reduce stress levels"],"answer":3}},"explanation":"В данном тексте автор перечисляет способы борьбы со стрессом, и отказ от дополнительных обязанностей, которые появляются, когда человек и так слишком занят или перегружен – один из таких способов уменьшить уровень стресса."}]}

{"questions":[{"content":"With recent research, it appears that retiring plastic from our lives should be an expedited process. About a month ago it was reported that microplastics had been found in human blood.<br /><br />The finding was supported in a study co-authored by Professor Vethaak, who asked the question if the particles retained in the body or transported to certain organs. These are questions that scientific research has yet to answer, showing the dubious knowledge we have on the effect of such an invasive material on our bodies and our culture.<br /><br />We have learned to shake hands with this devilish commodity, holding its hand while we carry groceries, and unknowingly consuming it in the food we eat. Even worse, infants are the most vulnerable to it. Babies often play and interact with plastic items from birth. From chewing on plastic teething rings to playing with plastic tub toys, children have a lot of exposure to plastic and its additives. According to a study released in September 2021, that exposure may be cause for concern.<br /><br />The phrase this devilish commodity in «We have learned to shake hands with this devilish commodity» most probably refers to [[fill_choice_big-1]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["grocery bags","food additives","baby toys","plastic objects"],"answer":3}},"explanation":"Речь идет о различных вещах из пластика, от пакетов до детских игрушек. Автор называет их this devilish commodity (\"дьявольские товары\"), а также говорит о том, что мы неосознанно употребляем частицы пластика в пищу (unknowingly consuming it in the food we eat). Также он упоминает, что маленькие дети наиболее подвержены воздействию пластика, так как играют с пластиковыми игрушками с самого рождения (Babies often play and interact with plastic items from birth)."},{"content":"We need to urge our local governments to support bills that limit our usage of single-use plastics that are very often dumped into our environments, whether that is holding businesses and manufacturers accountable through taxes or even making environmentally-friendly packaging more accessible.<br /><br />What does the author think local governments should do?[[fill_choice_big-2]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-2":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Prohibit all plastic items.","Provide free packaging.","Raise taxes for big companies.","Make laws to reduce plastic use."],"placeholder":0,"answer":3}},"explanation":"В отрывке автор просит призвать местные органы власти поддержать законопроекты, ограничивающие использование одноразового пластика."},{"content":"We need to urge our local governments to support bills that limit our usage of single-use plastics that are very often dumped into our environments, whether that is holding businesses and manufacturers accountable through taxes or even making environmentally-friendly packaging more accessible.<br /><br />One of these types of plastics that can be found in our blood is polyethylene, the kind used in carrying bags and food containers. This type of plastic has the highest propensity to be dangerous because plastic bags are an extremely common occurrence in our trash. Due to winds, and careless littering, they have also been a plague on the natural world.<br /><br />According to the text, plastic used in bags and food containers can be dangerous because [[fill_choice_big-18]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-18":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["it is very different from elements in the nature","people have direct contact with it while eating","it is the most wide-spread type of plastic waste","winds can often destroy it into small parts"],"answer":2}},"explanation":"В приведенном отрывке автор говорит о большой опасности полиэтилена, так как этот вид пластика наиболее распространен в упаковке пищевых продуктов и часто встречается в любом доме."},{"content":"Plastic can be found in our solid and liquid waste. It can damage human cells and be found in placentas, the essential organ that babies live off until birth. It can be deduced from this that there is a potential for cancer risks and for us to be born with these invasive plastics in us. Truly chilling.<br /><br />We have an opportunity to ban these bags. The risk of future generations having embedded plastics in their diet and bodies should veto any argument for convenience.<br /><br />What is the author's position on plastic bags?[[fill_choice_big-50]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-50":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["They must be prohibited without delay.","They are convenient for many people.","It is important to find a compromise.","There are more minuses than pluses."],"placeholder":0,"answer":0}},"explanation":"Автор говорит о том, что есть возможность запретить пакеты (We have an opportunity to ban these bags), чтобы будущие поколения не испытали на своем здоровье негативных последствий пластика."}]}

{"questions":[{"content":"Follow-up activities in online education are more diverse. Once a student leaves their designated class time, homework is a standard follow-up. However, when handing out paperwork, there may be missed opportunities.<br /><br />With education and technology, teachers can design personalized follow-up activities and grant each student the ability to learn at their own pace, even when they are outside of the classroom. For example, teachers can host a variety of options online for follow-up activities, and students, based on their level of understanding, can choose their course of action.<br /><br />What is the author's view of homework?[[fill_choice_big-3]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-3":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["It should be quite standardized.","Various activities are a better option.","Homework is a boring procedure.","Writing papers is still rather effective."],"placeholder":0,"answer":1}},"explanation":"Речь идет о том, что разнообразные домашние задания положительно влияют на процесс обучения.<br /><br />Автор говорит, что учителя могут разрабатывать персонализированные домашние задания и предоставлять каждому ученику возможность учиться в своем собственном темпе (teachers can design personalized follow-up activities and grant each student the ability to learn at their own pace)."},{"content":"What the opponents of online education usually say is that you lack communication. But I think using technology actually means increased collaboration. Classroom management tools make it easier than ever for students, parents, and teachers to collaborate. For example, it's not always easy to get students to work together in groups.<br /><br />But, with online portals and discussion forums, students can contribute in their own space and time to work with other students. Additionally, teachers can communicate and collaborate in an organized manner with parents for feedback and the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and/or concerns.<br /><br />What is the author's response to the opponents of online education?<br />[[fill_choice_big-10]]","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-10":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["Lack of communication is just a minor problem.","Communication with parents online is more difficult.","Online discussion forums are better for communication.","Technology actually encourages working together."],"placeholder":0,"answer":3}},"explanation":"Автор говорит о том, что использование технологий на самом деле делает совместную работу учеников, родителей и учителей проще, чем когда-либо (classroom management tools make it easier than ever for students, parents, and teachers to collaborate)."},{"content":"Just because schools or institutions use educational technology, it doesn't mean that the need for a teacher is removed. Teachers are necessary to implement the technology properly, devise creative lesson plans, and support students' needs, among other things.<br /><br />It is implied that the role of a teacher in education [[fill_choice_big-29]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-29":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["has become less important","is as important as it used to be.","will change with technology","has increased with technology"],"answer":1}},"explanation":"Речь идет о том, что важность учителя и после внедрения технологий остается значимой: учителя необходимы для правильного внедрения технологий, разработки творческих планов уроков и поддержки потребностей учащихся."}]}

{"questions":[{"content":"Everyone has the same number of hours in the day. As a student, it never really seems like there's enough time to do the things you want to do, let alone the things you have to do, right? What are the best time management tips for students that can help with this?<br /><br />My first tip is to set a schedule. As they used to say, «Pencil it in.» Sure, we've come a long way from relying on agenda books, but schedulers and agendas (digital or print) can play a huge role in how we manage time daily. You can either be really serious about scheduling by breaking your time into 15-30-minute blocks and outlining what you'll be doing, or a little more lenient by roughly planning your days in advance. But make sure you put in time for family, jobs, and, most importantly, leisure. If you are under pressure, ask for help from your friends and family with your other chores. You may be surprised just how happy they are to help so you can succeed.<br /><br />The word lenient in «or a little more lenient by roughly planning» is closest in meaning to[[fill_choice_big-1]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-1":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["positive","truthful","relaxed","modest"],"answer":2}},"explanation":"В данном контексте быть снисходительным к себе означает позволить себе расслабиться и приблизительно распланировать свои дни заранее."},{"content":"It is important to set realistic goals. Our society tells us to aim high high and and «shoot for the stars, so if you fall, you land on the clouds.» But sometimes, it makes more sense to set realistic and smaller goals so that you can pass those hurdles and gain momentum to accomplish bigger goals. In my opinion, slow progress is better than no progress, and by being able to complete the small steps , you're making collective moves to accomplish your long-term goals.<br /><br />The author uses the quote «shoot for the stars, so if you fall, you land on the clouds» to [[fill_choice_big-8]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-8":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["oppose setting unrealistic big goals","show that planning is the key to success","inspire the reader to set better goals","share tips how to achieve success"],"answer":0}},"explanation":"Our society tells us to aim high high and and «shoot for the stars, so if you fall, you land on the clouds.» But sometimes, it makes more sense to set realistic and smaller goals so that you can pass those hurdles and gain momentum to accomplish bigger goals. — Наше общество учит нас стремиться к высоким целям и «стремиться к звездам, чтобы, если упадешь, приземлиться на облака». Но иногда разумнее ставить реалистичные и небольшие цели, чтобы преодолеть препятствия и набраться сил для достижения более крупных целей.<br /><br />Автор использует цитату, чтобы противопоставить ее содержание своему мнению о важности постановки реалистичных целей. <br />"},{"content":"It is important to set realistic goals. Our society tells us to aim high high and and «shoot for the stars, so if you fall, you land on the clouds.» But sometimes, it makes more sense to set realistic and smaller goals so that you can pass those hurdles and gain momentum to accomplish bigger goals. In my opinion, slow progress is better than no progress, and by being able to complete the small steps , you're making collective moves to accomplish your long-term goals.<br /><br />This method also works to manage time because you can't see so far into the future. By setting up your goals day in and day out, you're creating good habits that are within your control that accumulate over time to cause big changes. For example, if you want to run a marathon, you're going to start training daily with just a few miles and build up from there. In that same manner, you can train your brain and mind to grow stamina for studying. If you want to learn a new language, you can do daily lessons, and over time, you'll realise how much you've learnt as all the short lessons accumulate.<br /><br />The author compares a marathon with learning a new language because [[fill_choice_big-29]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-29":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["many people want to accomplish one of these things","you need to train your brain for both types of activities","people who do any of these are good at time management","they both need an ability to work hard over a long period of time"],"answer":3}},"explanation":"В отрывке подчеркивается, что чтобы пробежать марафон и выучить язык, необходимо много работать над собой длительное время. Важно развивать «выносливость» в учебе (you can train your brain and mind to grow stamina for studying) и заниматься ежедневно."},{"content":"Distractions are everywhere, especially the digital kinds. There are many apps that can help lock you out of the internet if you can't help but check your apps while trying to work or study. And if you are not ready to install another app or software, try leaving your phone in a different room and create a specific location from where you will just work. And, this isn't just a good idea to try when you're busy working. It's also a nice exercise when you're with friends and family because you can truly be present with them.<br /><br />According to the text, one way to deal with distractions is to [[fill_choice_big-60]].","widgets":{"fill_choice_big-60":{"type":"fill_choice_big","options":["avoid keeping your phone close by","work in a separate room with no internet","separate family time and working time","uninstall distracting applications from the phone"],"answer":0}},"explanation":"Try leaving your phone in a different room and create a specific location from where you will just work. — Попробуйте оставить свой телефон в другой комнате и создайте себе определенное пространство, где вы будете сфокусированы только на работе.<br />Автор подчеркивает, что электронные устройства отвлекают от работы."}]}